Tamir Caras <car4640n@uel.ac.uk> Is an animal biology student in London that conducted a library research project on artificial reefs. Here is a collection of resources assembled by Tamir and sent to the Reef Ball group. Reef Ball has added some notes in bold concerning the applicablity of the research to Reef Ball project. THANKS TAMIR!
(1) TI: THE GENUS THALASSIOSIRA (BACILLARIOPHYTA) - T-CEDARKEYENSIS, A NEW MARINE BENTHIC DIATOM FROM THE FLORIDA COAST OF THE GULF- OF-MEXICO AU: PRASAD_AKSK, FRYXELL_GA, LIVINGSTON_RJ NA: FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,CTR AQUAT RES & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT,B-142,TALLAHASSEE,FL,32306 TEXAS A&M UNIV SYST,DEPT OCEANOG,COLL STN,TX,77843 JN: PHYCOLOGIA, 1993, Vol.32, No.3, pp.204-212 IS: 0031-8884 AB: A new diatom species, Thalassiosira cedarkeyensis, is described associated with artificial reef substrate from Cedar Key waters off the Florida coast in the north-eastern Gulf of Mexico. T. cedarkeyensis can be differentiated by its extremely small cells (7.5-9.5 mum in diameter), tangentially undulated valves, restriction of occluded processes and the distal end of the rimoportula to the convex part of the valve, the presence of a marginal ring of fultoportulae and a single subcentral fultoportula, each process with four satellite pores and four struts. The epicingulum is composed of 5-6 open, perforated bands, whose openings are offset to the right (dextral symmetry). The valve mantle is bordered by a hyaline vertical rim and is 3 areolae high. The new species is compared with morphologically similar forms. The present report is the first record of a plicated species of Thalassiosira from the Gulf of Mexico. KP: SP-NOV, HIGH LATITUDES, NORTH PACIFIC, SOUTH, ZONE
(2) TI: GEOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ARTIFICIAL REEF SITES, LOUISIANA OUTER CONTINENTAL-SHELF AU: POPE_DL, MOSLOW_TF, WAGNER_JB NA: LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,LOUISIANA GEOL SURVEY,BATON ROUGE,LA,70803 JN: OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT, 1993, Vol.20, No.2, pp.121-145 IS: 0964-5691 AB: This paper describes the general procedures used to select sites for obsolete oil and gas platforms as artificial reefs on the Louisiana outer continental shelf (OCS). The methods employed incorporate six basic steps designed to resolve multiple-use conflicts that might otherwise arise with daily industry and commercial fishery operations, and to identify and assess both geological and technological constraints that could affect placement of the structures. These steps include: (1) exclusion mapping, (2) establishment of artificial reef planning areas; (3) database compilation; (4) assessment and interpretation of database; (5) mapping of geological and man-made features within each proposed reef site; and (6) site selection. Nautical charts, bathymetric maps, and offshore oil and gas maps were used for exclusion mapping, and to select nine regional planning areas. Pipeline maps were acquired from federal agencies and private industry to determine their general locations within each planning area, and to establish exclusion fairways along each pipeline route. Approximately 1600 line kilometers of high-resolution geophysical data collected by federal agencies and private industry was acquired for the nine planning areas. These data were interpreted to determine the nature and extent of near- surface geologic features that could affect placement of the structures. Seismic reflection patterns were also characterized to evaluate near-bottom sedimentation processes in the vicinity of each reef site. Geotechnical borings were used to determine the lithological and physical properties of the sediment, and for correlation with the geophysical data. Since 1987, five sites containing 10 obsolete production platforms have been selected on the Louisiana OCS using these procedures. Industry participants have realized a total savings of approximately US $1 500 000 in salvaging costs by converting these structures into artificial reefs.
NOTE: THE REEF BALL DEVELOPMENT ONLY ENDORSES THE USE OF STEEL OR IRON STRUCTURES WHEN DEPLOYED IN NON-CORALED WATERS.
(3) TI: FLOWER GARDENS OCEAN RESEARCH-PROJECT - USING OFFSHORE PLATFORMS AS RESEARCH STATIONS AU: DOKKEN_Q NA: CORPUS CHRISTI STATE UNIV,CTR COASTAL STUDIES,CORPUS CHRISTI,TX JN: MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL, 1993, Vol.27, No.2, pp.45-50 IS: 0025-3324 AB: The Flower Gardens Ocean Research Project (FGORP) is a cooperative program between Mobil Exploration and Producing U.S. Inc. (MEPUS) and British Petroleum Inc. (BP), and a consortium of marine research and resource management professionals. MEPUS and BP allow researchers working in the northwest Gulf of Mexico to use oil and gas production platforms as research stations, providing transportation to and from the platforms and room and board for research personnel. To date, studies of larval recruitment, artificial reef productivity, coral reproduction, audio/video survey technology, and continuous real-time monitoring of sea level have been conducted at Mobil platform HI-A389A (27-degrees- 54'30''N, 93-degrees-35'06'' W). In addition, Mobil HI-A389A has been used as a base station from which to train field technicians in advanced diving and underwater visual survey techniques. Currently, the feasibility of converting Mobil HI-A389A to a full-time research and training station when its gas production function is completed is being investigated. Surveys of Gulf Coast research and resource management professionals indicate that there is a need for year-round direct access to the marine environments of the outer continental shelf, such as could possibly be provided by a full-time offshore research station.
(4) TI: TOPPLED PLATFORM TO BECOME ARTIFICIAL REEF IN GULF-OF-MEXICO JN: OIL & GAS JOURNAL, 1994, Vol.92, No.9, p.49 IS: 0030-1388
(5) TI: THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS IN ENHANCING FISH COMMUNITIES IN SINGAPORE AU: CHUA_CYY, CHOU_LM NA: NATL UNIV INGAPORE,DEPT ZOOL,10 KENT RIDGE CRESCENT,SINGAPORE 0511,SINGAPORE JN: HYDROBIOLOGIA, 1994, Vol.285, No.1-3, pp.177-187 IS: 0018-8158 AB: Intense development of the coastal zone in Singapore has resulted in the degradation of much of the marine ecosystem. In order to restore and enhance fish communities of denuded areas, an artificial reef consisting of a tyre reef and a concrete reef, was established in the vicinity of the southern islands of Singapore. Results from fish visual censuses after the establishment of the artificial reef indicated an increase in numbers of juveniles and adults. A total of 37 and 32 fish species were recorded over a period of 1 1/2 years at the concrete and tyre reefs respectively. The dominant fish families were Pomacentridae, Labridae, Chaetodontidae, Apogonidae, Gobiidae and Nemipteridae. The artificial reefs also serve as a nursery ground for some species (e.g. Neopomacentrus sp.) which are important primary consumers of algae on natural reefs. Greater numbers of 'target' (food- important) fishes were observed at the concrete reef while the tyre reef harboured more juveniles and smallersized adults. The results indicate that the concrete modules were more effective than the tyre reef in terms of fish abundance per unit volume. Such structures can enhance the biological resources of relatively unproductive areas. WA: ARTIFICIAL REEFS, FISH COMMUNITIES, RESOURCE ENHANCEMENT
NOTE: THE REEF BALL DEVELOPMENT DOES NOT CONDONE THE USE OF TIRES (TYRES) FOR USE AS ARTIFICIAL REEFS.
(6) TI: BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES OF SOUTHWESTERN LAKE- ONTARIO FOLLOWING INVASION OF DREISSENA AU: STEWART_TW, HAYNES_JM NA: SUNY COLL BROCKPORT,DEPT BIOL SCI,CTR APPL AQUAT SCI & AQUACULTURE,BROCKPORT,NY,14420 SUNY COLL ROCKPORT,DEPT BIOL SCI,CTR APPL AQUAT SCI & AQUACULTURE,BROCKPORT,NY,14420 JN: JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH, 1994, Vol.20, No.2, pp.479-493 IS: 0380-1330 AB: Changes in benthic macroinvertebrate communities inhabiting natural cobble and artificial reef substrates in southwestern Lake Ontario were quantified following invasion of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and ''quagga'' mussels (Dreissena sp.). -Dreissena invasion data (1991-1992) were compared with pre-invasion data (1983) from the same sites. In 1991-1992, Dreissena comprised 79% and 93% of macroinvertebrates collected at cobble and artificial reef sites, respectively, replacing the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus
as the numerically dominant taxon at both sites. Total abundance of non-Dreissena macroinvertebrates was significantly greater at both sites in 1991-1992 than in 1983. Taxa showing the greatest increases in abundance at the cobble site included the annelids Manayunkia speciosa, Spirosperma ferox, and unidentified tubificids; the gastropods Helisoma anceps, Physa heterostropha, Stagnicola catascopium, Valvata tricarinata, Goniobasis livescens, and Amnicola limosa; the amphipod Gammarus fasciatus; and the decapod Orconectes propinquis. At the artificial reef site, significant population increases of Physa heterostropha, Valvata tricarinata, Goniobasis livescens, Amnicola limosa, Gammarus fasciatus and the trichopteran Polycentropus were observed. No taxon was less abundant in 1991-1992 than 1983. Comparisons of macroinvertebrate community similarity in 1983 and 1991-1992 by Morisita's Index, excluding Dreissena, indicated that previously established taxa did not change substantially between 1983 and 1991-1992 at either site. Although many factors may have contributed to the changes observed, our results support theories that Dreissena is facilitating energy transfer to the benthos through pseudofecal/fecal deposition, and that mussel colonies are providing additional habitat for other invertebrate taxa. KP: ZEBRA MUSSELS, GREAT-LAKES, POPULATION-DYNAMICS, POLYMORPHA, ZOOPLANKTON, GASTROPODA, BIVALVES, MOLLUSK, IMPACTS WA: ARTIFICIAL REEFS, BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES, DREISSENA- POLYMORPHA, LAKE ONTARIO, ZEBRA MUSSEL, ENERGY TRANSFER, FOOD WEB
(7) TI: EFFECTS OF PROXIMITY TO AN OFFSHORE HARD-BOTTOM REEF ON INFAUNAL ABUNDANCES AU: POSEY_MH, AMBROSE_WG NA: UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT BIOL SCI,WILMINGTON,NC,28403 E CAROLINA UNIV,DEPT BIOL,GREENVILLE,NC,27834 JN: MARINE BIOLOGY, 1994, Vol.118, No.4, PP.745-753 IS: 0025-3162 AB: Rock outcrops represent an extensive, commercially important habitat along the southeast coast of North America, supporting large abundances of algae, invertebrates and fish. These rock outcrops have often been viewed as largely self-supporting systems, but some studies have suggested that the fish and invertebrate predators that use the ledges for shelter are strongly dependent on food from adjacent, soft-bottom habitats. We examined benthic macrofaunal abundances along two 75-m transects away from a rock ledge near Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina (depth ca. 30 m) in July 1990 and April 1991. The July 1990 samples indicated significantly higher abundances of total infauna, and of polychaetes, bivalves, isopods, and scaphopods, at a distance of 75 m from the rock ledge. In April 1991, when macrofaunal abundances were generally higher than in the previous summer, distributions of major taxa with distance from the rock ledge were more variable. Caging studies on macrofaunal abundances 10 m from the ledge, and video observations of fish abundances at 10 and 75 m from the ledge, provide support for a trophic link between the rock ledge and the adjacent soft-bottom communities. Our studies suggest that there are potentially important indirect effects of predator - prey interactions among the rock ledge-associated predators and soft-bottom prey. KP: SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT, BENTHIC COMMUNITIES, CONTINENTAL-SHELF, FISH COMMUNITIES, ARTIFICIAL REEF, NORTH-CAROLINA, PREDATION RISK, INVERTEBRATE, COMPETITION, PATTERNS
(8) TI: LOBSTER (HOMARUS-GAMMARUS) MOVEMENT ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF - THE POTENTIAL USE OF ARTIFICIAL REEFS FOR STOCK ENHANCEMENT AU: JENSEN_AC, COLLINS_KJ, FREE_EK, BANNISTER_RCA NA: UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT OCEANOG,SOUTHAMPTON SO9 5NH,HANTS,ENGLAND MAFF,FISHERIES LAB,LOWESTOFT NR33 0HT,SUFFOLK,ENGLAND JN: CRUSTACEANA, 1994, Vol.67, No.Pt2, pp.198-211 IS: 0011-216X AB: In 1989 an experimental artificial reef, constructed with blocks made from stabilized coal-fired power station waste materials, was deployed in Poole Bay on the English south coast. A site was chosen on flat sandy seabed at a depth approximately 10 m below chart datum. Within a few weeks, research divers had observed lobsters on the reef, even though the reef blocks had been deposited on flat sand some distance (3 km) from the nearest natural reefs. Conventional tags were used in studies to investigate lobster movement around the reef structure between 1989 and 1992: 48% of the 114 individuals tagged have been recaptured at least once on the reef. Although a number of lobsters appear to have moved away from the reef altogether (16 of the reef-tagged lobsters have now been recaptured at a maximum of 15.7 km away from the artificial reef), one individual has now been observed on the reef for over 800 days. Lobsters colonized the new man-made structures quickly and many individuals have exhibited considerable long-term site loyalty. Artificial reefs may provide a method for long term lobster stock enhancement at specific sites, assuming habitat to be a major limiting factor on population size and structure.
NOTE: IN MOST PROJECTS, STABILIZED COAL ASH MAY BE USED IN REEF BALLS NOT TO EXCEED 30% OF THE CEMENTOUS PORTION OF THE CONCRETE MIX.
(9) TI: WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD ARTIFICIAL REEF FOR LOBSTERS AU: SPANIER_E NA: UNIV HAIFA,RECANATI CTR MARITIME STUDIES,MT CARMEL,IL-31905 HAIFA,ISRAEL UNIV HAIFA,DEPT MARITIME CIVILIZAT,IL-31905 HAIFA,ISRAEL JN: CRUSTACEANA, 1994, Vol.67, No.Pt2, pp.173-186 IS: 0011-216X AB: Artificial reefs have been used to concentrate fish. In order to characterize good artificial reefs for lobsters, information on the behaviour and ecology of lobsters on natural substrates is needed. Habitat and microhabitat selection, predator-prey and intraspecific interactions, and related facets are reviewed for late juvenile and adult clawed, spiny, and slipper lobsters. These data, together with the results of several experiments with man-made habitats, indicate the behavioural- ecological processes associated with shelter selection. Horizontal shelters with opaque cover and multiple den openings were preferred by most species studied. These characteristics are considered anti-predator adaptations. Yet, a survey of artificial reefs established in the recent decade has revealed that lobsters were reported in only a small proportion of the projects. It is suggested that the majority of these reefs has not been designed and constructed to fit the behavioural- ecological preferences of the target lobster species for shelter. KP: MEDITERRANEAN SLIPPER LOBSTER, WESTERN ROCK LOBSTERS, HOMARUS- AMERICANUS, PANULIRUS-ARGUS, SPINY LOBSTERS, NEW-ZEALAND, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES, SHELTER USE, BODY- SIZE
NOTE: REEF BALL HAS TECHNIQUES DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY TO ATTRACT AND RETAIN SPINY LOBSTERS. SEE TRAINING MANUAL FOR DETAILS.
(10) TI: IMPACTS OF HURRICANE-ANDREW ON THE OFFSHORE REEF SYSTEMS OF CENTRAL AND NORTHERN DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA AU: BLAIR_SM, MCINTOSH_TL, MOSTKOFF_BJ NA: DADE CTY DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,DIV NAT RESOURCES RESTORAT,33 SW 2ND AVE,MIAMI,FL,33130 DADE CTY DEPT ENVIRONM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,ENHANCEMENT SECT,MIAMI,FL,33130 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1994, Vol.54, No.3, pp.961-973 IS: 0007-4977 AB: On 24 August 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed in close proximity to eight natural reef biological monitoring stations and eleven artificial reef sites offshore of Dade County. Eight qualitative visual surveys and eight quantitative photogrammetric surveys were used to estimate the impact of the hurricane on the natural reefs. The forereef slope of the offshore (5 km offshore) reef, between 17 and 29 m, was most heavily affected with lessor levels of damage occurring on the middle (4 km offshore) reef and least loss of organisms noted on the inner (2.5 km offshore) reef. The impact to the hard coral, soft coral, sponge and algal components varied on a given reef tract. The algal community consistently showed the greatest loss (40 to >90%) of benthic cover. The sponge community was slightly (0-25%) to heavily (50-75%) impacted, showing the greatest loss on the offshore reef and least on the inshore reef. Soft corals showed a similar trend with 25-50% loss and 0-25% on the offshore and inshore reef, respectively. Hard corals were least affected with a moderate loss of benthic cover (38%) on the offshore reef and slight loss (<23%) on the other inner two reefs. The effect of the storm on artificial reefs (i.e., steel vessels, prefabricated modules, concrete structures) varied greatly. Impacts ranged from no impact, to movement, to partial or total structural modification. No pattern of damage relative to location, orientation or depth of the reef material was discernable. KP: STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS, CORAL REEFS, STORM DAMAGE, ST-JOHN, COMMUNITIES, HUGO
NOTE: REEF BALLS ARE DESIGNED TO BE STABLE PREVENTING DAMAGE TO ADJACENT NATURAL REEFS.
(11) TI: A COMPARISON OF THE FOULING COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT ON STABILIZED OIL-ASH AND CONCRETE REEFS AU: NELSON_WG, SAVERCOOL_DM, NETH_TE, RODDA_JR NA: FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG OCEAN ENGN & ENVIRONM SCI,MELBOURNE,FL,32901 LEWIS ENVIRONM SERV,TAMPA,FL,33622 AQUARIUM AMER,DEPT HUSB,NEW ORLEANS,LA,70130 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1994, Vol.55, No.2-3, pp.1303-1315 IS: 0007-4977 AB: An experimental reef an ay was installed in April 1987 at a site located off the coast of Vero Beach, Florida to evaluate the suitability of using oil-ash concrete as a material for the construction of artificial reefs. Development of the fouling community was compared on experimental oil-ash and concrete control bricks over a 2.5-yr period. The total number of species and the composition of the species recruiting to the est bricks were extremely similar for the two materials. The number of species was not significantly different between mix types. Few significant differences in the percent coverage by individual species were found. There was a significant difference in percent unoccupied space with oil-ash bricks possessing a greater percentage of unoccupied space than concrete bricks during the first year of the study. This difference was associated with a greater tendency of barnacles to slough off from the surface of the oil-ash bricks during this period, presumably due to a less stable brick surface. This effect was not observed during the second year of the study. There were no statistically significant trends for abundance of live barnacles, mean percentage of dead barnacles, or mean barnacle size between the two reef materials. Stabilized oil-ash material developed fouling communities comparable to those of concrete substrates in most respects. P: ARTIFICIAL REEF(12) TI: CHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF STABILIZED OIL ASH ARTIFICIAL REEF AT SEA AU: SHIEH_CS, DUEDALL_IW NA: FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DIV MARINE & ENVIRONM SYST,150 W UNIV BLVD,MELBOURNE,FL,32901
NOTE: OIL-ASH IN NOT APPROVED FOR USE IN REEF BALL PROJECTS SINCE THE FOULING COMMUNITY HAS NOT BEEN SHOW TO RESEMBLE NATURAL MATERIALS CONCLUSIVELY.
JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1994, Vol.55, No.2-3, pp.1295-1302 IS: 0007-4977 AB: The chemical behavior of stabilized oil ash reef blocks placed in the Atlantic Ocean on 7 April 1987 was investigated by studying the variation in concentration of selected elements in the reef blocks taken from the site after different periods of submersion. The overall objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the stabilization process for retaining trace metals of environmental concern in the stabilized oil ash reef blocks. Duplicate reef block samples were retrieved from the reef site for evaluation after 2, 5, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. Samples collected from the surface layer (less than 1 cm), mid- depth (about 5 cm from the top), and central parts of the block were ground to fine powder and then digested using HF-H3BO3 technique. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with Zeeman background correction was used for the analysis of Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, Pb, Si, V, and Zn. The overall results of chemical monitoring demonstrated that chemical interaction of the stabilized oil ash blocks with seawater over a 2.5-year-period of time was confined mainly to the surface layer (1 cm) of the block. Trace metals analyzed were found to be retained in the stabilized oil ash reef blocks after their emplacement al sea. KP: FLY-ASH, WASTE, COAL, SEAWATER
(13) TI: COAL ASH FOR ARTIFICIAL HABITATS IN ITALY AU: SAMPAOLO_A, RELINI_G NA: ENEL SPA,DSR,CRC,VIA DALMAZIA 21-C,I-72100 BRINIDISI,ITALY UNIV GENOA,IST ZOOL,I-16126 GENOA,ITALY JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1994, Vol.55, No.2-3, pp.1277-1294 IS: 0007-4977 AB: Experiments were carried out on ash derived from an ENEL coal combustion power plant for use as a component in artificial reef blocks. After preliminary laboratory tests to establish the optimum block hydrated lime-coal ash ratio and to determine their leaching capability in sea water, systematic physical, chemical and biological tests were carried out on reef models in an experimental plant Ash and concrete cubic blocks (20 x 20 x 20 cm), the latter used as reference, were arranged in pyramid shaped reef models inside two trial tanks supplied with flowing sea water. After one year of tests encouraging results have been obtained. No weathering, volume variation or swelling were found; on the other hand, marked compressive strength and sonic velocity increases were recorded. In the tank (water and blocks) chemical tests showed no significant leaching phenomena for chemical elements of environmental concern while laboratory tests showed the blocks' limited leaching capability (ppm) for macracomponents such as Al, Si, Ca and to a lesser extent (ppb) for hazardous elements like As, Cr, Se, Tl. Studies on biocolonization clearly showed that benthonic settlement on ash blocks was more evident than on concrete ones and that there was a greater number of species and biomass quantity. Chemical tests also showed no bioaccumulation phenomena.
NOTE: WITHOUT ADHERANCE TO THE 30% OF CEMENTOUS MATERIAL REQUIREMENT, BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE ELEMENTS WILL CHANGE THE NATURAL SETTLEMENT OF MARINE LIFE. EVEN WHEN THIS APPEARS TO MAKE MORE LIFE, IT IS NOT "BETTER" AS IT IS NOT NATURAL.
(14) TI: COLONIZATION AND FISHERY POTENTIAL OF A COAL-ASH ARTIFICIAL REEF, POOLE-BAY, UNITED-KINGDOM AU: JENSEN_AC, COLLINS_KJ, LOCKWOOD_APM, MALLINSON_JJ, TURNPENNY_WH NA: UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT OCEANOG,SOUTHAMPTON SO17 1BJ,HANTS,ENGLAND FAWLEY AQUAT RES LABS LTD,MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOL UNIT,SOUTHAMPTON SO4 1TW,HANTS,ENGLAND JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1994, Vol.55, No.2-3, pp.1263-1276 IS: 0007-4977 AB: The colonization of an experimental reef composed of blocks of stabilized coal-fired power station waste (pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and gypsum), which was installed in Poole Bay in June 1989 is described. The reef consists of 50 tons of blocks (each 40 x 20 x 20 cm) formed into eight conical units, each 1 m high by 4 m across on an area of seabed 30 m x 10 m. The reef lies on a fiat sandy seabed (10 m below chart datum) 3 km distant from natural rocky outcrops. The eight units represent three different PFA/gypsum mixes, each replicated, and two concrete controls. Colonization by epibiota was monitored using direct observation and photographic recording of block surfaces. Analysis of the results using CLUSTAN 3/PC clustering software did not reveal any differences in the biota colonizing the three PFA/gypsum mixes or between the colonizers of the PFA/gypsum mixes and the concrete controls. Epibiota showed seasonal variations in abundance throughout the year overlain with a progression in the numbers of species present and a maturation of the population towards the epibiotic populations seen on local natural reefs. Adult lobsters (Homarus gammarus) and crabs (Cancer pagurus) from the local natural reefs were recruited to the reef within 3 weeks. Acoustic and conventional tagging studies revealed that some lobsters showed considerable site loyalty, with recorded residence time of 368 days. The most numerous shoaling fish congregating around the reef units has been the pouting, Trisopterus luscus, a small gadoid. Shoal size was commonly estimated at around 200 individuals per reef unit. Summer biomass estimates of pouting wet weight, using published weight to length conversions, were 207-1572 kg.ha(-1) in the vicinity of any one of the eight reef units. Several species using the reef were observed to be reproducing there. These include corkwing wrasse (Crenilabrus melops), lobster (Homarus gammarus), spiny spider crabs (Maja squinado), velvet swimming crab (Liocarcinus puber), hermit crabs (Pagurus bernhardus), whelks (Buccinum undatum) and the nudibranch (Archidoris pseudoargus). Assessment of infauna suggests that the infaunal population in the vicinity of the reef was not overtly affected by the presence of the reef. Sediment granulometry did not alter significantly between May 1989 and July 1991.
NOTE: IT IS UNKNOWN IF THE CONCRETE CONTROLS USED pH STABALIZED CONCRETE SO RESULTS ARE NOT ATTRIBUTABLE TO REEF BALLS.
(15) TI: EVALUATION OF STABILIZED COAL-FIRED POWER-STATION WASTE FOR ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTION AU: COLLINS_KJ, JENSEN_AC, LOCKWOOD_APM, TURNPENNY_AWH NA: UNIV SOUTHAMPTON,DEPT OCEANOG,SOUTHAMPTON SO17 1BJ,HANTS,ENGLAND FAWLEY AQUAT RES LABS LTD,MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOL UNIT,NATL POWER,SOUTHAMPTON SO4 2AA,HANTS,ENGLAND JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1994, Vol.55, No.2-3, pp.1251-1262 IS: 0007-4977 AB: An experimental artificial reef was installed in Poole Bay in June 1989 to test the feasibility of using U.K. coal-fired power station waste products to produce a structure with fishery enhancement potential. Three different mixtures of the materials used, pulverized fuel ash (PFA), flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum and FGD slurry, were stabilized with cement. Fifty tons of 40 X 20 X 20 cm blocks were formed into eight conical reef units, 1 m high, replicating three different PFA/gypsum mixtures and concrete controls. A concern arising from the use of such materials is that the heavy metals concentrated by the combustion of coal, and remaining in the ash, may leach out. The heavy metal content (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn) of the blocks has been monitored from both surface samples and sectioned cores to determine leaching rates. There have been no significant changes in heavy metal Concentrations to date, any temporal or spatial variation being within limits attributable to material heterogeneity. However there is some indication of a trend in block depth profiles suggesting either.
NOTE: TOXIC MATERIALS ARE NOT ALLOWED IN REEF BALLS UNLESS COMPLETELY ENCASED BY LOW PERABILITY CONCRETE. EVEN THEN, USES ARE LIMITED TO EXPERIMENTAL PROJECTS.
(1) TI: STUDY ON ARTIFICIAL REEF FROM THE VIEW POINT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING LA: Japanese AU: KATOH_J, ITOSU_C NA: TOKYO UNIV FISHERIES,MINATO KU,TOKYO 108,JAPAN JN: BULLETIN OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY OF SCIENTIFIC FISHERIES, 1980, Vol.46, No.12, pp.1445-1456
(2) TI: SCALE AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF CORAL-REEF FISHES - A LONG- TERM STUDY OF A LARGE ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: OGDEN_JC, EBERSOLE_JP NA: FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON UNIV,W INDIES AB,CHRISTIANSTED,VI,00820 UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,DEPT BIOL,BOSTON,MA,02125 JN: MARINE ECOLOGY-PROGRESS SERIES, 1981, Vol.4, No.1, pp.97-103
(3) TI: ICHTHYOFAUNAL COLONIZATION OF A NEW ARTIFICIAL REEF IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO AU: LUKENS_RRNA: GULF COAST RES LAB,FISHERIES RES & DEV SECT,OCEAN SPRINGS,MS,39564 JN: GULF RESEARCH REPORTS, 1981, Vol.7, No.1, pp.41-46
(4) TI: PATTERNS OF ABUNDANCE VARIATION IN REEF FISHES NEAR AN ARTIFICIAL REEF AT GUAM AU: KOCK_RL NA: DIV AQUAT & WILDLIFE RESOURCES,POB 23367 GMF,AGANA,GU,96921 JN: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES, 1982, Vol.7, No.2, pp.121-136
(5) TI: EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF PENDLETON ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: GRANT_JJ, WILSON_KC, GROVER_A, TOGSTAD_HA NA: CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,350 GOLDEN SHORE,LONG BEACH,CA,90802 JN: MARINE FISHERIES REVIEW, 1982, Vol.44, No.6-7, pp.53-60
(6) TI: THE EFFECTS OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF ON RESIDENT FLATFISH POPULATIONS AU: WALTON_JM NA: PENINSULA COLL,PORT INGELES,WA,98362 JN: MARINE FISHERIES REVIEW, 1982, Vol.44, No.6-7, pp.45-48
(7) TI: FISH FORAGING ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN PUGET SOUND, WASHINGTON AU: HUECKEL_GJ, STAYTON_RL NA: WASHINGTON DEPT FISHERIES,115 GEN ADM BLDG,OLYMPIA,WA,98504 JN: MARINE FISHERIES REVIEW, 1982, Vol.44, No.6-7, pp.38-44
(8) TI: THE COAL-WASTE ARTIFICIAL REEF PROGRAM (C-WARP) - A NEW RESOURCE POTENTIAL FOR FISHING REEF CONSTRUCTION AU: WOODHEAD_PMJ, PARKER_JH, DUEDALL_IW NA: SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY,11794 JN: MARINE FISHERIES REVIEW, 1982, Vol.44, No.6-7, pp.16-23
(9) TI: GROWTH OF SOME CORALS IN AN ARTIFICIAL REEF OFF DUMAGUETE, CENTRAL VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES AU: GOMEZ_ED, ALCALA_AC, ALCALA_LC NA: UNIV PHILIPPINES,CTR MARINE SCI,QUEZON CITY 3004,PHILIPPINES JN: KALIKASAN-THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY, 1982, Vol.11, No.1, pp.148-157
(10) TI: CORAL REEFS - ARTIFICIAL REEF MODELS PROVIDE AN INITIAL INSIGHT INTO REEF DEVELOPMENT LA: German AU: SCHUHMACHER_H NA: UNIV ESSEN GESAMTHSCH,FACHBEREICH HYDROBIOL 9,D-4300 ESSEN 1,FED REP GER JN: UMSCHAU DAS WISSENSCHAFTSMAGAZIN, 1983, Vol.83, No.2, pp.48-52
(11) TI: FLORIDA RECEIVES ARTIFICIAL REEF JN: FISHERIES, 1983, Vol.8, No.2, pp.2-3
(12) TI: EARLY COLONIZATION BY FISH OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN FALSE BAY, SOUTH-AFRICA AU: CLIFF_G NA: UNIV CAPE TOWN,DEPT OOL,RONDEBOSCH 7700,SOUTH AFRICA JN: TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1983, Vol.45, No.P1, pp.63-71
(13) TI: INTERNATIONAL ARTIFICIAL REEF CONFERENCE HELD JN: MARINE FISHERIES REVIEW, 1983, Vol.45, No.7-9, p.80 DT: Editorial
(14) TI: PATTERNS OF FISH HABITATION IN A NEW ARTIFICIAL REEF, QUANTITATIVE STUDIES AU: WOODHEAD_PMJ, ALEXANDER_MS NA: SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY,11794 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.402 DT: Meeting Abstract
(15) TI: COMPUTER-BASED POLICY ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL REEF SITING AU: SMITH_RJ IN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.401 DT: Meeting Abstract
(16) TI: REVIEW OF UNITED-STATES PATENTS RELATING TO ARTIFICIAL REEF TECHNOLOGY AU: SHELDON_JG JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.401 DT: Meeting Abstract
(17) TI: THE ARTIFICIAL REEF DEVELOPMENT CENTER AU: RADONSKI_GC, DUBOSE_WP NA: SPORT FISHING INST,WASHINGTON,DC,20005 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.400 DT: Meeting Abstract
(18) TI: DOCUMENTING A 5-YEAR STUDY OF BUILDING AN ARTIFICIAL REEF WITH COAL WASTE BLOCKS AU: PARKER_JH NA: SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY,11794 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.399 DT: Meeting Abstract
(19) TI: THE SITING, DESIGN AND BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF PLANTED WITH KELP AU: NEUSHUL_M, HARGER_BWW, CARLSEN_DL, LEWIS_RJ, BROSSEAU_GA NA: UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA,93106 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, p.399 DT: Meeting Abstract
(20) TI: EPIFAUNAL SETTLEMENT, THE PROCESSES OF COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT AND SUCCESSION OVER 2 YEARS ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN THE NEW- YORK-BIGHT U: WOODHEAD_PMJ, JACOBSON_ME NA: SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,STONY BROOK,NY,11794 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.364-376
(21) TI: FISH COLONIZATION AND MATERIALS COMPARISONS ON A PUGET SOUND ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: LAUFLE_JC, PAULEY_GB NA: USA ENGN DIST PORTLAND,FISH & WILDLIFE BRANCH,POB 2946,PORTLAND,OR,97208 UNIV WASHINGTON,WASHINGTON COOPERAT FISHERY RES UNIT,SEATTLE,WA,98195 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.227-243
(22) TI: DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND DENSITY ESTIMATES OF FISHES ON A SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA ARTIFICIAL REEF WITH COMPARISONS TO NATURAL KELP REEF HABITATS AU: JESSEE_WN, CARPENTER_AL, CARTER_JW NA: LOCKHEED MISSILES & SPACE CO INC,1111 LOCKHEED WAY,0-53-30,B- 580,N SUNNYVALE,CA,94086 ALOXY,OCEANSIDE,CA,92056 LOCKHEED GEORGIA CO,MARIETTA,GA,30063 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.214-226
(23) TI: VIRGINIAS ARTIFICIAL REEF STUDY - DESCRIPTION AND RESULTS OF YEAR-I AU: FEIGENBAUM_D, BLAIR_CH, BELL_M, MARTIN_JR, KELLY_MG NA: OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT OCEANOG,NORFOLK,VA,23508 S CAROLINA WILDLIFE & MARINE RESOURCES DEPT,DIV RECREAT FISHERIES,CHARLESTON,SC,29412 VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMMISS,NEWPORT NEWS,VA,23607 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.179-188
(24) TI: EFFECTS OF 3 SUBSTRATE VARIABLES ON 2 ARTIFICIAL REEF FISH COMMUNITIES AU: CHANDLER_CR, SANDERS_RM, LANDRY_AM NA: LGL ECOL RES ASSOCIATES,1410 CAVITT,BRYAN,TX,77801 KANSAS FISH & GAME COMMISS,LAWRENCE,KS,66044 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT MARINE BIOL,GALVASTON,TX,77550 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.129-142
(25) TI: BENTHIC SUCCESSION ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF DESIGNED TO SUPPORT A KELP-REEF COMMUNITY AU: CARTER_JW, CARPENTER_AL, FOSTER_MS, JESSEE_WN NA: LOCKHEED GEORGIA CO,DEPT 72-83,ZONE 418,86 S COBB DR,MARIETTA,GA,30060 MOSS LANDING MARINE LABS,MOSS LANDING,CA,95039 CALIF OCCIDENTAL CONSULTANTS,OCEANSIDE,CA,92056 LOCKHEED MISSILES & SPACE CO INC,SUNNYVALE,CA,94086 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.86-113
(26) TI: BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT ON AN
ARTIFICIAL REEF IN PUGET-SOUND, WASHINGTON AU: BUCKLEY_RM, HUECKEL_GJ NA: WASHINGTON STATE DEPT FISHERIES,MARINE FISH PROGRAM,ROOM 115,GEN ADM BLDG,OLYMPIA,WA,98504 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.50-69
(27) TI: ARTIFICIAL REEF RESEARCH - A REVIEW WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE PRIORITIES AU: BOHNSACK_JA, SUTHERLAND_DL NA: COOPERAT INST MARINE & ATMOSPHER STUDIES,MIAMI,FL,33149 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.11-39 DT: Review
(28) TI: 3RD INTERNATIONAL ARTIFICIAL REEF CONFERENCE 3-5 NOVEMBER 1983, NEWPORT-BEACH, CALIFORNIA - FOREWORD AU: BUCKLEY_R, GRANT_J, STEPHENS_J NA: WASHINGTON STATE DEPT FISHERIES,MARINE FISH PROGRAM,ROOM 15,GEN ADM BLDG,OLYMPIA,WA,98504 CALIF DEPT FISH & GAME,MARINE RESOURCES REG,LONG BEACH,CA,90802 OCCIDENTAL COLL,DEPT BIOL,LOS ANGELES,CA,90041 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1985, Vol.37, No.1, pp.1-2 DT: Editorial
(29) TI: AN ANALYSIS OF ROCKY COASTAL EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN FISH ASSEMBLAGES AND A COMPARISON WITH AN ADJACENT SMALL ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: DIAMANT_A, BENTUVIA_A, BARANES_A, GOLANI_D NA: HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT ZOOL,JERUSALEM,ISRAEL H STEINITZ MARINE BIOL LAB,INTERUNIV INST ELAT,POB 469,ELAT,ISRAEL JN: JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY, 1986, Vol.97, No.3, pp.269-285
(30) TI: ARTIFICIAL REEF DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT AU: MCGURRIN_JM, REEFF_MJ NA: ARTIFICIAL REEF DEV TR,WASHINGTON,DC JN: MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL, 1986, Vol.20, No.3, pp.3-9
(31) TI: COLONIZATION OF MARINE FISHES OF A DESIGNED ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: BROCK_RE, NORRIS_JE NA: UNIV HAWAII,INST MARINE IOL,KANEOHE,HI,96744 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1987, Vol.41, No.2, p.634 DT: Meeting Abstract
(32) TI: EPIFAUNAL COLONIZATION AND COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN HAWAIIAN WATERS AU: BAILEYBROCK_JH NA: UNIV HAWAII MANOA,DEPT ZOOL,HONOLULU,HI,96822 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1987, Vol.41, No.2, p.633 DT: Meeting Abstract
(33) TI: USE OF HIGH-RESOLUTION GEOPHYSICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL TECHNIQUES FOR ARTIFICIAL REEF SITE SELECTION, WEST CAMERON PLANNING AREA, OFFSHORE LOUISIANA AU: POPE_DL, WAGNER_JB NA: LOUISIANA GEOL SURVEY,BATON ROUGE,LA LOUISIANA STATE UNIV,BATON ROUGE,LA,70803 JN: AAPG BULLETIN-AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS, 1988, Vol.72, No.9, p.1120 DT: Meeting Abstract
(34) TI: POLYCHAETES OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN THE CENTRAL MEDITERRANEAN- SEA AU: GRAVINA_MF, ARDIZZONE_GD, BELLUSCIO_A NA: UNIV ROME LA SAPIENZA,DEPT ANIM & HUMAN BIOL,VIALE NIV,I-00185 ROME,ITALY JN: ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.28, No.2, pp.161-172
(35) TI: HYDROACOUSTIC OBSERVATIONS OF FISH ABUNDANCE AND BEHAVIOR AROUND AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN COSTA-RICA AU: THORNE_RE, HEDGEPETH_JB, CAMPOS_J NA: UNIV WASHINGTON,FISHERIES RES INST,SEATTLE,WA,98195 UNIV COSTA RICA,CTR INVEST CIENCIAS MAR & LIMNOL,SAN JOSE,COSTA RICA JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.1058-1064
(36) TI: A DEBATE ON RESPONSIBLE ARTIFICIAL REEF DEVELOPMENT AU: MEIER_MH, BUCKLEY_R, POLOVINA_JJ NA: VIRGINIA MARINE RESOURCES COMM,NEWPORT NEWS,VA,23607 WASHINGTON STATE DEPT FISHERIES,MARINE FISH PROGRAM HABITAT INVEST,OLYMPIA,WA,98504 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,SW FISHERIES CTR,HONOLULU LAB,NOAH,2570 DOLE ST,HONOLULU,HI,96822 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.1051-1057
(37) TI: ARTIFICIAL REEF OBSERVATIONS FROM A MANNED SUBMERSIBLE OFF SOUTHEAST FLORIDA AU: SHINN_EA, WICKLUND_RI NA: US GEOL SURV,FISHER ISL STN,MIAMI BEACH,FL,33139 PERRY FDN BLDG,LEE STOCKING ISL,RIVIERA BEACH,FL,33404 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.1041-1050
(38) TI: STATUS AND FUTURE-PLANS OF ARTIFICIAL REEF PROJECTS IN JAPAN AU: YAMANE_T NA: ALL JAPAN COASTAL FISHERIES PROMOT & DEV ASSOC,KAMAKURA KASHI BLDG,2-2-1 UCHIKANDO,CHIYODA KU,TOKYO 101,JAPAN JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.1038-1040
(39) TI: PROFILING UNITED-STATES ARTIFICIAL REEF DEVELOPMENT AU: MCGURRIN_JM, STONE_RB, SOUSA_RJ NA: ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMM,SUITE 703,1717 MASSACHUSETTS AVE W,WASHINGTON,DC,20036 NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERV,DIV RECREAT & JURIS FISHERIES,WASHINGTON,DC,20235 US FISH & WILDLIFE SERV,DIV FED AID,WASHINGTON,DC,20240 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.1004-1013
(40) TI: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICACY OF 4 ARTIFICIAL REEF DESIGNS IN TROPICAL WATERS AU: BROCK_RE, NORRIS_JE NA: UNIV HAWAII,HAWAII INST MARINE BIOL,1000 POPE RD,HONOLULU,HI,96822 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.934-941
(41) TI: EXPERIMENTAL SHELLFISH CULTURE ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN THE ADRIATIC SEA AU: FABI_G, FIORENTINI_L, GIANNINI_S NA: IST RIC PESCA MARITTIMA,CNR,MOLO MANDRACCHIO,I-60100 ANCONA,ITALY JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.923-933
(42) TI: UTILIZATION OF MANUFACTURED REEF STRUCTURES IN SOUTH-CAROLINAS MARINE ARTIFICIAL REEF PROGRAM AU: BELL_M, MOORE_CJ, MURPHEY_SW NA: S CAROLINA MARINE RESOURCES DIV,RECREAT FISHERIES PROGRAM,POB 12559,CHARLESTON,SC,29412 N CAROLINA DIV MARINE FISHERIES,MOREHEAD CITY,NC,28557 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.818-830
(43) TI: TENNECO-II ARTIFICIAL REEF PROJECT - AN EVALUATION OF RIGS-TO- REEFS FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AU: MCGURRIN_JM, FEDLER_AJ NA: ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISS,SUITE 310,1400 16TH ST,WASHINGTON,DC,20036 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT RECREAT,COLLEGE PK,MD,20742 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.777-781
(44) TI: AN ARTIFICIAL TIRE-REEF IN A TROPICAL MARINE SYSTEM - A MANAGEMENT TOOL AU: CAMPOS_JA, GAMBOA_C NA: UNIV COSTA RICA,CIMAR,SAN PEDRO,COSTA RICA UNIV COSTA RICA,ESCUELA BIOL,SAN PEDRO,COSTA RICA JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.757-766
(45) TI: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITAT STRUCTURE, BODY SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FISHES AT A TEMPERATURE ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: ANDERSON_TW, DEMARTINI_EE, ROBERTS_DA NA: UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA,93106 MARINE REVIEW COMM RES CTR,ENCINITAS,CA,92024 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.681-697
(46) TI: EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL REEF DEPLOYMENT ON NEARBY RESIDENT FISHES AU: ALEVIZON_WS, GORHAM_JC NA: FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT BIOL SCI,150 W UNIV BLVD,MELBOURNE,FL,32901 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.646-661
(47) TI: FOULING COMMUNITY-DEVELOPMENT ON AN ARTIFICIAL REEF IN HAWAIIAN WATERS AU: BAILEYBROCK_JH NA: UNIV HAWAII,ZOOL,2538 THE MALL,HONOLULU,HI,96822 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.580-591
(48) TI: COLONIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL REEF MATERIALS BY CORALS AND OTHER SESSILE ORGANISMS AU: FITZHARDINGE_RC, BAILEYBROCK_JH NA: UNIV HAWAII,DEPT ZOOL,2538 THE MALL,HONOLULU,HI,96822 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.567-579
(49) TI: EFFECT OF CURRENT ON THE SESSILE BENTHIC COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: BAYNES_TW, SZMANT_AM NA: UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,A-008,LA JOLLA,CA,92093 UNIV MIAMI,ROSENSTIEL SCH MARINE & ATMOSPHER SCI,MIAMI,FL,33149 JN: BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 1989, Vol.44, No.2, pp.545-566
(50) TI: AN ASSESSMENT OF ATLANTIC ARTIFICIAL REEF DEVELOPMENT AU: MCGURRIN_J NA: ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISS,INTERSTATE FISHERY MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS,WASHINGTON,DC,20036 JN: FISHERIES, 1989, Vol.14, No.4, pp.19-25
(51) TI: ENERGY WASTE STABILIZATION TECHNOLOGY FOR USE IN ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTION AU: SHIEH_CS, DUEDALL_IW, KALAJIAN_EH, ROETHAL_FJ NA: FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM & ENVIRONM ENGN,MELBOURNE,FL,32901 FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT CIVIL ENGN,MELBOURNE,FL,32901 SUNY STONY BROOK,MARINE SCI RES CTR,INST WASTE MANAGEMENT,STONY BROOK,NY,11794 JN: ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES, 1990, Vol.422, pp.328-344 DT: Review
(52) TI: BEHAVIOR OF PAH ASSOCIATED WITH AN ARTIFICIAL REEF CONSTRUCTED OF COAL AND OIL ASH WASTES AU: FREASE_RA, WINDSOR_JG NA: FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG,MELBOURNE,FL,32901 JN: ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, 1990, Vol.199, No.APR, pp.119-ENVR DT: Meeting Abstract
(53) TI: INFLUENCE OF AN ARTIFICIAL REEF ON THE SURROUNDING INFAUNAL COMMUNITY AU: AMBROSE_RF, ANDERSON_TW NA: UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,INST MARINE SCI,SANTA BARBARA,CA,93106 JN: MARINE BIOLOGY, 1990, Vol.107, No.1, pp.41-52
(54) TI: BEHAVIOR OF SELECTED POLYCYCLIC ROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS ASSOCIATED WITH STABILIZED OIL AND COAL ASH ARTIFICIAL REEF AU: FREASE_RA, WINDSOR_JG NA: FLORIDA INST TECHNOL,DEPT OCEANOG & OCEAN ENGN,150 W UNIV BLVD,MELBOURNE,FL,32901 JN: MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN, 1991, Vol.22, No.1, pp.15-19 AB: An experimental artificial reef consisting of oil and coal fly ash stabilized with cement and lime has been placed in the Atlantic Ocean off the east central coast of Florida. The oil and fly ash were found to contain levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) similar to a moderately contaminated sediment. Detectable concentrations of individual PAH ranged from highs in the oil ash of 1200 and 270 ng g-1 to lows of 250 and 49 ng g-1 in stabilized bricks for fluoranthane and naphthalene, respectively. The stabilization process used in the construction of the reef bricks reduced the extractability of PAH from reef bricks by hot organic solvents. Because of the toxicity of some PAH, there is concern for leaching of the PAH by seawater from the waste ash used for construction of the reef. Leaching studies of the reef materials with seawater, however, indicated PAH are retained within the reef materials and that seawater is not an effective medium for removing PAH from reef bricks or the ash. Furthermore, the reef materials were found to adsorb PAH from the seawater phase. These results indicate that the stabilization of oil ash is an efficient tool for isolating PAH from environmental circulation. KP: POWER-PLANTS, SEDIMENTS, ADSORPTION, MARINE, WATER
(55) TI: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS OF THE RELATIVE NEED FOR ARTIFICIAL REEFS IN FLORIDA AU: HOLLAND_SM NA: UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT RECREAT PK & TOURISM,GAINESVILLE,FL,32611 JN: COASTAL MANAGEMENT, 1991, Vol.19, No.2, pp.219-238 AB: Artificial reef development involves planning from a number of perspectives including biological, oceanographic, engineering, and social. This article reviews previous studies and identifies demographic variables that affect the use of artificial reefs by recreational anglers. An index of relative demand was created employing eight components: number of coastal country resident boat anglers, nonresident boat anglers, tourist boat anglers, nonboat anglers, number of fishing clubs, number of charter/party boats, number of registered pleasure boats, and the rate of county population growth. By comparing the magnitude of the index to the number of existing artificial reefs off of Florida's 35 coastal counties, an estimate of relative need was graphically portrayed on a state map. Indian River county on the Atlantic coast and Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, Citrus, Levy, Lee, and Charlotte counties on the central Gulf coast are the areas with the greatest demand relative to existing reef supply. WA: ARTIFICIAL REEFS, RECREATIONAL DEMAND, RECREATIONAL FISHING, DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES, FLORIDA
(56) TI: THE ROLE OF MOLLUSKS IN THE FORMATION OF FOULING COMMUNITY ON SUPPORTS OF OIL PLATFORMS IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA LA: Russian AU: SELIN_NI NA: ACAD SCI USSR,INST MARINE BIOL,INVERTEBRATES ECOL & CULTIVAT LAB,VLADIVOSTOK 690032,USSR JN: BIOLOGIYA MORYA-MARINE BIOLOGY, 1991, No.4, pp.90-94 IS: 0134-3475 DT: Note AB: The fouling of oil platforms deployed in the South China Sea in 1984 and 1986-1988 was investigated in September-October 1988. The structure and distribution of aquatic organisms depend on the time of exposure of substratum. Unlike the temperate waters of the World Ocean where bivalves serve as an indicator of a climax state of fouling community (Zevina, 1972), in the tropics an abundant development of molluscs is characteristic of an intermediate phase preceding the formation of a powerful framework of artificial reef from shells of dead molluscs and scleractinians.
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